Data Base - 2318 Words

Unit 5 Research Assignment 1: Compare the Different Relational Database Management Systems In an article written By Suqing Wang, eHow Contributor SQL Server Vs. Oracle Data Types Database While designing and defining tables in databases, it is important to find out the data type for each column in the data tables. A data type is an attribute which defines the type of data an object can retain: integer, string, data and time, etc. There are basically three main types: text, numbers and date/times. The data types are different, depending on the database management system (DBMS), the various types of which include SQL Server, Oracle and MySQL. Other People Are Reading * How to Convert SQL to Oracle * Difference Between MS SQL and an†¦show more content†¦Many Oracle reserved words are valid object or column names in Microsoft SQL Server. For example, DATE is a reserved word in Oracle, but it is not a reserved word in Microsoft SQL Server. Therefore, no column is allowed to have the name DATE in Oracle, but a column can be named DATE in Microsoft SQL Server. Use of reserved words as schema object names makes it impossible to use the same names across databases. You should choose a schema object name that is unique by case and by at least one other characteristic, and ensureShow MoreRelatedWhat Is A Data Base?1018 Words   |  5 Pages What is a data base? This is a programme which collects large amounts of data and organises it eg, alphabetical order. It is run by a software called ‘Access’. It is most useful in businesses to retrieve information. It consists of different structures such as rows and columns. Each row corresponds to the data that is entered. Databases aren’t always used on a computer which is known as electronic but there are many other formats such as printed, graphic and audio. Queries are also used to searchRead MoreData Base Management System13582 Words   |  55 PagesFie lFile Organization Terms amp; Conceptscomprises a record; A computer system organizes data in a hierarchy t A computer system organizes data in a hierarchy that starts with bits and bytes and progresses to fields, records, files, and databases. * A bit represents the smallest unit of data a computer can handle. * A group of bits, called a byte, represents a single character, which can be a letter, a number, or another symbol. * A grouping of characters into aRead MoreData Base Marketing3687 Words   |  15 Pageshhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh Case- Harrah’s Entertainment Inc. Questions: 1. What are the objectives of the various Data Base marketing programs and are they working? 2. Why is it important to use the â€Å"customer worth† in the DBM efforts rather than observed level of play? 3. How does Harrah’s integrate the various elements of its marketing strategy to deliver more than the results of Data Base marketing? 4. What is the sustainability of Harrah’s actions and strategy? 5. What are the privacy and ethicalRead MoreData Base Assignment1117 Words   |  5 PagesCustomersubtotal 1000 and Customersubtotal 500; 5. (15 pts) What are our gross revenues per month? Perform this calculation for the eight months contained within the data set (July 1996 - February 1997). If the data set contained multiple years of order detail, what would be the code to calculate average revenues per month (for example, if the data set contained 5 years of order detail, how would you find the average revenues for January, February, March, April, etc. for those 5 years)? Gross RevenueRead MoreBuilding A Data Base Is Imperative1810 Words   |  8 PagesTaking Your Business â€Å"BACK to the BASICS† Building a data base is IMPERATIVE to building a business. This needs starts with The owner’s daily schedule. Most centers have an average of 2500-3000 businesses around them, and YOU need to visit all of them eventually. The sooner the better, by setting out in an organized Manner this can happen in 2-3 months, building your business at the same time. While you are doing this, you will not only build the database but put your face and brand in frontRead MoreData Base On Banking Files1147 Words   |  5 Pages Assignment-1 Data Base on Banking Files Student name: Hari Sai Reddy Danda Professor Name: Hammed Elbodour Course Title: CMP 553-Analysis, ModelingDesign. Date: Feburary-07-2015. â€Æ' Scope and Vision: The project is to create a data base for the bank this gives an idea about the daily, weekly, and monthly details. For this we have to design a data base to the extent of required by the user. Project is clear to understand and also helps the employer to access easily. Errors are negligibleRead MoreIdentifying A Nosql Data Base3050 Words   |  13 PagesFor the challenges we are facing be it technical or functional we find a NoSql data base as a best fit. We found out that NoSql incorporates a wide mixed bag of various database technologies and were produced in response to the rising data needs. Also when in comparison to the RDBMS present in the market NoSql provides an enriched performance and better scalability solutions. So in search of the best fit as our solution we searched out various types of NoSql database types and found out about DocumentRead MoreAdvantages Of Data Base Management System973 Words   |  4 Pagesevery other kind of human endeavourâ₠¬ . The major advantages of Data Base Management System (DBMS) are described below. CONTROL DATA REDUNDANCY: This feature allow to store all data in a single database avoiding traditional computer file processing that means each application has its own files and the same files are created in many different places. With DBMS all data are saved in one place in database and it’s not duplicated. In DMBS the data redundancy can be controlled or reduced but is not removedRead MoreFile Management Systems And Data Base Management System766 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferences between file management system and data base management system A.)File Management System:- 1. Scarcely no. of files used 2. Doesn’t furnish collateral 3. Data redundancy is muddle loss of integrity. (accurate and consistent data) 4. Data is isolated 5. Data ingress takes lot of times 6. Concurrency control is not possible single user system 7. Compact preliminary design 8. Transaction concept not used 9. Data redundancy 10. Difficult data ingress 11. Integrity muddle 12. Atomicity muddleRead MoreLab Report On Titration Lab1334 Words   |  6 PagesMariam Sy May 8, 2014 Acid- Base Titration Lab Write-up Introduction: Titration is the process of adding measured volumes of a base or acid with a known concentration to an acid or base with an unknown concentration in order to determine the unknown concentration. Volume measurements play an important role in titration. It involves measuring the exact volume of a solution with a known concentration that will react with a measured volume of a solution that has an unknown concentration. The

Health Care Delivery System in the United States Free Essays

Abstract The United States health care delivery system is comprised of a complex, unorganized and flawed health system, compared to that of Australia’s health care system. The four components of the inefficient system in the United States are categorized into a quad-functional model. Financing, insurance, deliver and payment are the four flawed components. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Care Delivery System in the United States or any similar topic only for you Order Now Australia’s efficient and organized system is based on a national health system, which consists of one central agency; the government. The United States health system is comprised of countless public and private entities. Australia’s health care system is superior to that of the United States. Table of Contents Title Page†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1 Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 Table of Contents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Introduction The quality of health care is vital to a nations well being. The United States is comprised of one of the most complex health care delivery systems throughout the world. The complexity of the United States health care delivery is comprised of countless individuals and organizations, which include both public and private entities. Unlike the health care delivery system of Australia, the network of interrelated components of the U. S. health care system does not work together in an organized and efficient manner. Some of the components tend to overlap one another. The United States health care delivery system is based on the quad-function model, which consists of four components that are categorized into financing, insurance, delivery and payment. The fact that the United States health care system is not governed by a single central agency, opposed to Australia’s national health system, countless Americans endure physical and emotional suffering from the inefficiency of the system. Financing is one of the most important components of health care delivery system in the United States. This component pertains to the methods of paying for costly diagnostic tests, procedures, hospitals visits and treatment. Demand and supply has inflated the cost of health related services. Paying for health services is extremely costly without health insurance. Thanks to the a majority of employment establishments, most employed Americans, as well as their dependent children and spouses, are provided affordable health insurance. Although most employed Americans are provided health insurance, the United States health delivery system is fragmented and lacks to provide much needed health insurance for the majority of the unemployed American population. The second component of the quad-functional model pertains to insurance. Ownership of a health insurance plan protects individuals against health related issues. Insurance is very beneficial during occurrences when needing costly health care services. Insurance policies also determine the extent of health services the insured individuals are entitled to receive. Most insurance policies specify details of the health care policy holders are entitled to receive. Unlike Australia, the citizens of America, except for the elderly who receive Medicare, must obtain their own insurance. The third component of the United States quad-functional model pertains to delivery. In terms of delivery, the quad-functional model refers to the proviso of health care services, along with the receipt of insurance payments for the health related services received. The payments are paid to providers who deliver health care supplies and services. The recipients of payment consist of doctors, therapists, hospitals, diagnostics and imaging clinics, and suppliers of health care related equipment. The difference between the health care systems of the United States versus the health care system of Australia is that Australia’s healthcare system is based on a national health care program. The highly organized and efficient system mainly consists of private practitioners (Hall 1999; Podger 1999). The fourth and final component of the United States quad-functional model pertains to payment. The payment function deals with reimbursement to providers for services delivered. Reimbursement is the determination of how much to pay for a certain service. The fact that Australia’s health care system is based on a national health care program, individuals who receive health related services are not overwhelmed with stress of worrying about making payment the providers of health services. Australia’s government handles all aspects of health care. The four components of the United States health care system dramatically vary from the components of the health care system in Australia. The health care system of Australia is classified as a national health care system. Unlike the United States, Australia’s health care system is referred to as a single-payer system or a system that is governed by a single central agency; the Australian government. The government finances health care through the means of general taxes, even though health care is delivered by private providers. The benefit of a central agency governing the health care system is that it eliminates the complexity by eliminating components that exists in the multi-payer system of the United States health care system. Although the citizens of the United States are free to choose the method of obtaining health care, countless individuals are left without any means of health care. There are many negative characteristics that differentiate the United States health care delivery system from that of other countries, such as Australia. These characteristics result in fragments and inconsistencies within the system. The United States health care system is flawed based on the fact that it is not governed by a central agency, health care services are limited to the confined terms of the insurance policy, multiple public and private entities results in lack of efficiency, and extremely high cost of health care services. Australia spends 8. 7 percent of its GDP on health care and covers everyone, irrespective of their employment status (Grant 1987; Lapsley 1987) Due to the complexity and inefficiency of the United States’ health care delivery system, many people in the U. S. go without much needed health care. The extremely high cost in the U. S. results in countless uninsured American from having the financial ability to receive access to health care services. More than two-fifths of lower-income adults in the U. S. said they went without needed care because of costs in the past year (Davis 2007; Schoen 2007; Holmgren; Shea 2007). The uninsured have options to receive services at county hospitals and government establishments, but their quality of services is much lower. The finding from my in depth research indicates that many changes need to be implemented into the health are delivery system in the United States, to improve the complex and fragmented system. The private health insurance covers care received in private hospitals (Australian Government 2004). To improve quality of life, the system in the United States should be changed from a multi-payer to a single-payer system, which is classified as a national health system or NHS. Aquiring private health insurance is voluntary, but st rongly encouraged by the Australian government through tax subsidies for purchasers and tax penalties for non-purchasers (Healy 2002). The government will manage the overall infrastructure of the health system, without any regard to capitalism. All entities who seek personal financial gain will not be included in the NHS. This change will terminate most of the components that bring injustice to the citizens who are excluded, which mostly consists of unemployed individuals. The United States economy is driven by capitalism, where the where motives behind actions derive from pursuit of monetary gain. In a loosely organized system, countless entities and individuals seek monetary gain, without regard or compassion for human life. Greed is the main element in the United States complex health care delivery system. In 1998, the death rate pertaining to the health care delivery system was 25 to 50 percent higher in the United States than in Australia. Australia ranks highest on healthy lives, compared to the United States (Davis 2007; Schoen 2007; Holmgren; Shea 2007). The implementation of a national health care system, similar to that of Australia, will foster ethical practices and equality for all citizens of the United States. This change will impact health professionals greatly. Most likely their salaries will be reduced drastically and their employers will be the national government. In my opinion, most physicians are overpaid currently. Price inflation based on a free market economy will be more controlled. References Australian Government, Department of Health and Ageing (2004). Australia: selected health care delivery and financing statistics. Davis, K. , Schoen, C. , Schoenbaum, S. C. , Doty, M. , Holmgren, A. L. , Kriss, Shea, K. Mirror, Mirror on the Wall (2007): An International Update on the Comparative Performance of American Health Care, The Commonwealth Fund, 3. Grant Lapsley (1987). The Australian Health Care System, 1987, 139, Table 7. 15 Hall, J. 1999. Incremental change in the Australian health care system. Health affairs 18, no. 3:95-110 Healy, J. 2002. Australia. In Dixon, A. , and E. Mossialos, eds. Health care system in eight countries: trends and challenges. London: The European Obse rvatory on Health Care Systems, London School of Economics Political Science, 3-16. How to cite Health Care Delivery System in the United States, Essay examples

Introduction to Business Law and Ethics Implied Terms

Question: Discuss about theIntroduction to Business Law and Ethics for Implied Terms. Answer: Introduction A contractual term is that part provision that forms part and goes to the root of a contract.[1] It forms the main purpose of the contract. A term is an integral part of a contract that its breach entitles the innocent party to claim damages or repudiation. It is common practice not to specifically mention all terms in the contract document. Terms not expressly mentioned are known as implied terms. Was it a Term of Contract? A contractual term can either be a condition or a warranty. A condition is normally the substantial part of any contract as it forms the main purpose for which the contract was formed. Where a party breaches a condition, the innocent party has the right to apply to the court for the contract to be terminated and a payment of damages resulting from such breach.[2] In Poussard v Spiers[3], the applicant and the respondent negotiated a contract where the applicant was to perform as a singer for a period of three months. However, the applicant became sick and was unable to perform in the first four nights. She was consequently replaced with another person. The court held that the applicant was in breach of a condition and therefore the respondent was within her right to terminate the contract. A warranty is that minor or insignificant term that does not form the basis or the reason for which the contract was negotiated.[4] A breach of a warranty therefore only entitles the innocent party to claim for damages but not a termination of the contract. In Bettini v Gye[5], a contractual agreement between the parties required the plaintiff to perform in the defendants play as a singer for a term of three months. The plaintiff however became seriously sick and had to miss the rehearsals. The defendant consequently terminated her contract. The court found that the defendant was not entitled to terminate the contract as the plaintiff was in breach of a warranty and not a condition. Rehearsals did not go to the root of the contract and therefore the defendant was only entitled to damages but not a termination. Therefore, it was never a contractual term that the almond flour was supposed to be gluten free. Whether there was an Implied Term A contractual term could either be implied or be express. Express terms appear in writing in the contract document as what the parties agreed on. Implied terms do not appear anywhere in the contract document. They are implied to protect the weaker party where the other party has more negotiating power and uses such power to frustrate the weaker party. Terms are implied by statute, common law or by courts.[6] Courts are however reluctant to imply terms since they endeavour to refrain from writing contracts for parties and encourages the principle of privity of contract. In commercial contracts, terms are implied through customs or usage especially where there is a particular type of trade where such practice has been developed over time. The court would imply such a term in a contract of a similar trade. In Hutton v Warren[7], the parties entered into a tenancy agreement where the plaintiff by an agreement was to plant corn and barley on the defendants land. But prior to harvesting, the defendant had the tenancy agreement terminated. The plaintiff produced a bill to the defendant of the works done and the cost of the seeds used in the fields. The defendant unfortunately refused to make payments on the grounds that the contract did not provide for payments for such expenses. The court held that it was a common practice in contracts for farm work for such payments and therefore it was implied to form part of the contract. From the Foregoing, it Was therefore Implied in the Contract that the Cake Would be Gluten Free. Terms can also be implied through fact[8], where such term is necessary in a contract so as to give sense to a business. Such business or contract would lose the purpose if such term is omitted. For instance, in Moorcock[9], the plaintiff moored a ship at the defendants wart located along Thames River. Thames is a tidal river and when the tide occasionally goes out, the ship is likely to touch the rocky and rugged river bed. The ship eventually got damaged. The defendant on attempts to avoid liability argued that there was no warranty on the rivers condition and was therefore not liable. The court held that it was an implied term that the rivers bed needed to be safe for any ship to moor. The test used by the court was that of business efficacy so that the business could make sense. Whether the Icing Colour was a Condition or a Warranty It can be said that the colour of the cake was in the circumstances a warranty. A warranty does not form the main part of a contract.[10] It includes statements made during contract negotiations to entice the other party to enter into a contract. The icing colour was not integral part of the contract since a cake of a different colour however not suitable for a sports celebration would not in any case prevent the celebrations from proceeding anyway. The icing colour on the cake does not necessitate a termination of the contract and therefore it falls under a warranty. In Bettini v Gye[11], a contractual agreement between the parties required the plaintiff to perform in the defendants play as a singer for a term of three months. The plaintiff however became seriously sick and had to miss the rehearsals. The defendant consequently terminated her contract. The court found that the defendant was not entitled to terminate the contract as the plaintiff was in breach of a warranty and not a condition. Rehearsals did not go to the root of the contract and therefore the defendant was only entitled to damages but not a termination. Whether Mikaela Bears Responsibility for the Icing on the Cake Mikaela would still be held liable for the difference in the specifications required as to the colour of the cake. Kimala had an expectation that the cake he placed an order for would be the exact one that Mikaela would make. It was the assurance by Mikaela that such cake would be available that induced Kimala to enter into such contract. A variation on the specifications would defeat the purpose for which the cake was intended. Kimala is therefore likely to undergo some emotional injury due to the ridicule he is likely to be subjected to by the participants. Such emotional injury cannot pass without compensation from the guilty party, Mikaela. Mikaela cannot however claim the protection from the exclusion clause which he did not take reasonable steps to bring to the attention of Kimala either before or during contract negotiation. In Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking[12], the plaintiff sustained injuries inside the defendants car park. He had accessed the parking using a receipt obtained from a machine after dropping money into the said machine. It was indicated on the receipt that parking was to be done according to terms on display inside the park. A display in the park was to the effect that the park would not be liable for injuries sustained inside the park. The court held that the displays were not availed to the plaintiff at the time of entering into the contract and could not be used to avoid liability. Kimala can therefore claim damages for the breach of a warranty that the icing on the cake would correspond to the specifications given by him.